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   Abdominal Pain
 
Definition:
A pain that you feel anywhere between your chest and groin.
 
Medical terms related to abdominal pain :
Pain-Abdomen, Belly Pain, Abdominal Cramps, Abdominal Discomfort, Acute Abdomen, Belly Ache, Cramps, Abdominal, Gut Pain, Pain, Abdomen, Pain, Belly, Pain, Gut, Stomach Ache, Stomach Cramps, Stomach Pain
 
Common causes of abdominal pain: 
o Excessive gas
o Constipation
o Appendicitis
o Peptic Ulcer
o Kidney Stones
o Lactose Intolerance
o Pancreatitis
o Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)
o Hernia:
A protrusion of an organ or part through connective tissue or through a wall of the cavity in which it is normally enclosed.
o Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) does not close properly and stomach contents leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus causing heartburn or histopathologic changes in the esophagus.
o Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):
A chronic functional disorder of the colon that is considered to be of psychophysiological origin and marked by diarrhea or constipation or diarrhea alternating with constipation, abdominal pain or discomfort, abdominal bloating, and passage of mucus in the stool;called also irritable colon, irritable colon syndrome, mucous colitis, spastic colon.
o Gallstone:
A calculus (as of cholesterol) formed in the gallbladder or biliary passages;called also biliary calculus, cholelith.
o Giardiasis:
Infestation with or disease caused by a flagellate protozoan of the genus Giardia (especially G. lamblia) that is often marked by diarrhea;called also lambliasis.
o Intussusception:
The slipping of a length of intestine into an adjacent portion usually producing obstruction.
o Diverticulitis:
Inflammation or infection of a diverticulum of the colon that is marked by abdominal pain or tenderness often accompanied by fever, chills, and cramping.

Other Causes of abdominal pain:
o Stomach Cancer
o Liver Cancer
o Pancreatic Cancer
o Colon Cancer
o Bowel Infarction
o Ileus (Obstruction of the bowel)
o Volvulus (twisting of the intestine upon itself causing obstruction)
o Peritonitis
o Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
o Stomach Cancer
o Liver Cancer
o Pancreatic Cancer
o Dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm (bleeding into the wall of the aorta)
o Clostridium Difficile Colitis (Antibiotic-Associated Colitis, C. difficile colitis)
o Ulcerative Colitis:
Chronic inflammation of the colon marked by diarrhea with discharge of mucus and blood, cramping abdominal pain,inflammation and edema of the mucous membrane with patches of ulceration.
o Crohn's Disease:
Chronic inflammation of the distal portion of the ileum, often spreads to the colon, and is characterized by diarrhea, cramping, loss of appetite and weight with local abscesses and scarring ;called also regional enteritis, regional ileitis.
o Hirschsprung Disease:
Congenital absence of ganglion cells in the muscular wall of the distal part of the colon resulting in loss of peristaltic function in this part and dilatation of the colon proximal to the aganglionic part;called also congenital megacolon.
 
Call 911 or go to the hospital if abdominal pain is accompanied by: 
o sudden, sharp abdominal pain
o chest, neck, or shoulder pain
o Vomiting blood, blood in stool (maroon or dark, tarry black stool)
o A rigid, hard abdomen that is tender to touch
o Inability to pass stool, especially if accompanied vomiting
 
Call your doctor if abdominal pain is accompanied by: 
o Bloating that persists for more than 2 days
o Diarrhea for more than 5 days
o Abdominal discomfort that lasts one week or longer
o Fever (over 100°F for adults or 100.4°F for children)
o A burning sensation when you urinate or frequent urination
o Pain in shoulder blades and nausea
o Pain that develops during pregnancy (or possible pregnancy)
o Prolonged poor appetite
o Unexplained weight loss
 
Diagnostic tests that may be performed include: 
o Barium enema
o Upper GI and small bowel series
o Blood, urine, and stool tests
o Endoscopy of upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract (EGD)
o Ultrasound of the abdomen
o X-rays of the abdomen
 
Prevention and self-care: 
For prevention of many types of abdominal pain:
o Eat small meals more frequently.
o Make sure that your meals are well-balanced and high in fiber
o Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
o Limit foods that produce gas
o Drink plenty of water each day
o Exercise regularly

For prevention of symptoms from heartburn:
o Quit smoking
o Lose weight if you are obese
o Finish eating at least 2 hours before you go to bed
o After eating, stay upright for at least 30 minutes
o Elevate the head of your bed
 
Medications for abdominal pain may include: 
o Esomeprazole (Nexium)
o Famotidine (Pepcid)
o Antipyretics, Analgesics
o Cimetidine (Tagamet)
o Dicyclomine, Bentyl, Byclomine, Dibent, Di-spaz, Dilomine
o Ranitidine (Zantac)
o Simethicone, Phazyme, Flatulex, Mylicon
o Tegaserod (Zelnorm)
o Lansoprazole, Prevacid, Prevacid Solutab
o Loperamide, Imodium, Kaopectate Ii, Imodium A-d
o Omeprazole, Prilosec, Rapinex
o Pantoprazole (Protonix)
   
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Diagnosis of abdominal pain, Reasons of abdominal pain, Prevention of abdominal pain, Definition of abdominal pain, Treatments for abdominal pain


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