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   Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
 
Definition:
Abnormal menstrual flow.
 
Medical terms related to abnormal vaginal bleeding :
Irregular Periods, Abnormal Menstruation, Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding, Mennorrhagia, Menorrhea, Menstrual Periods
 
Common causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding: 
o Stress
o Birth Control
o Ectopic Pregnancy:
Gestation elsewhere than in the uterus (e.g. in a fallopian tube or in the peritoneal cavity; called also ectopic gestation, extrauterine gestation, extrauterine pregnancy).
o Endometriosis:
The presence and growth of functioning endometrial tissue in places other than the uterus that often results in severe pain and infertility.
o Hypothyroidism
o Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
o Uterine Fibroids (Benign Tumors of the Uterus)
o Uterine Growths (Growths of the Womb)
o Vaginitis
o Cervix-related (Cervicitis, Cervical Polyp)
o Injury or disease of the vaginal opening (caused by intercourse, infection, polyp, genital warts, ulcer, or varicose veins)
o Vaginal injury from insertion of foreign objects, from malignancy, or from infection
o Dry vaginal walls resulting from lack of estrogen after menopause
o IUD use (may cause occasional spotting)
o Drugs (e.g. anticoagulants)
o Low thyroid function (Hypothyroidism)
o Cervical conization or cauterization procedures

Other Causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding:
o Uterine Cancer
o Ovarian Cancer
o Leukemia
o Medical Illnesses:
Clotting Disorders, Hyperprolactinemia, kidney disease, Leukemia, Liver Disease, Adrenal Dysfunction.
o Ovary or Fallopian Tube-related:
Ovarian Tumors, Salpingo-oophoritis
o Uterus-related:
Adenomyosis, Endometrial Hyperplasia, Endometrial Polyp, Endometritis, Fibroids, Intrauterine Device/IUD, Pregnancy, Uterine Cancer
o Vulvar or Vaginal-related:
Coitus, Foreign Body in Vagina, Vaginal Tumor, Vulvitis
 
Call your doctor if abnormal vaginal bleeding is accompanied by: 
o pregnancy
o unexplained bleeding between periods
o Any bleeding after menopause
o Other symptoms
 
Diagnostic tests that may be performed include: 
o Urine pregnancy test
o Cervical cultures for sexually transmitted diseases
o Blood tests for thyroid and ovarian functions
o Pap smear (if bleeding is inactive)
o Endometrial biopsy
o Pelvic ultrasound
 
Medications for abnormal vaginal bleeding may include: 
o estrogens (conjugated) and medroxyprogesterone, Prempro, Premphase
o conjugated estrogen (Premarin)
o estropipate (Ogen)
o esterified estrogens, Estratab, Menest
   
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Diagnosis of abnormal vaginal bleeding, Reasons of abnormal vaginal bleeding, Prevention of abnormal vaginal bleeding, Definition of abnormal vaginal bleeding, Treatments for abnormal vaginal bleeding


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