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   Muscle Cramps
 
Definition:
Involuntary and usually painful contractions of the muscles producing a hard, bulging muscle.
 
Medical terms related to muscle cramps :
Muscle cramps
 
Common causes of muscle cramps: 
o Muscle fatigue
o Heavy exercise
o Dehydration
o Depleted magnesium or calcium stores or other metabolic abnormalities
o Alcoholism
o Kidney failure leading to uremia
o Medications ( e.g. diuretics )
o Trauma Injury
o Rest Cramps
o Body Fluid Shifts (Ascites, Hemodialysis)
o Hypocalcemia (A deficiency of calcium in the blood)
o Hypokalemia (A deficiency of potassium in the blood)
o Hypomagnesemia (A deficiency of magnesium in the blood)

Other Causes of muscle cramps:
o Hypothyroidism
o Restless Leg Syndrome
o Shin Splints:
Painful inflammation of the tibial and toe extensor muscles or their fasciae that is caused by repeated minimal traumas (e.g. running on a hard surface).
o Tetanus
o Peripheral Neuropathy:
Damage to the peripheral nerves in which motor, sensory, or vasomotor nerve fibers may be affected and which is marked by muscle weakness, atrophy, pain, and numbness.
o Muscular Dystrophy:
A group of hereditary diseases marked by progressive wasting of muscles; called also progressive muscular dystrophy.
o Vitamin Deficiencies:
Thiamine (B1), pantothenic acid (B5), and pyridoxine (B6)
 
Call your doctor if muscle cramps is accompanied by: 
o Prolonged or recurring muscle spasms
o Cramps that aren't relieved by simple stretching
o Unexplained, prolonged, or persistent muscle twitches
o Muscle Weakness or muscle wasting
 
Diagnostic tests that may be performed include: 
o Calcium, potassium, or magnesium metabolism
o Thyroid function tests
o Kidney function
o Pregnancy test
o Electromyography (EMG)
o Myelography
 
Medications for muscle cramps may include: 
o Carisoprodol (Soma)
o Alprazolam (Xanax)
o Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
o Diazepam (Valium)
   
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Diagnosis of muscle cramps, Reasons of muscle cramps, Prevention of muscle cramps, Definition of muscle cramps, Treatments for muscle cramps


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